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Several studies have indicated that additional genes in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region, other than the class II genes HLA-DQB1 and -DRB1 (the IDDM1 locus), may contribute to susceptibility and resistance to type 1 diabetes. The relative magnitude of these non- DR/DQ effects is uncertain and their map location is unknown owing to the extraordinary linkage disequilibrium that extends over the 3.5 Mb of the MHC. The homozygous parent test has been proposed as a method for detection of additional risk factors conditional on HLA-DQB1 and -DRB1. However, this method is inefficient since it uses only parents homozygous for the primary disease locus, the DQB1-DRB1 haplotype. To overcome this limitation, Conditional ETDT was used in the present report to test for association conditional on the DQB1-DRB1 haplotype, thereby allowing all parents to be included in the analysis. First, we confirm in UK and Sardinian type 1 diabetic families that allelic variation at HLA-DRB1 has a very significant effect on the association of DQB1 and vice versa. The Conditional ETDT was then applied to the HLA TNF (tumour necrosis factor) region and microsatellite marker D6S273 region, both of which have been reported to contribute to IDDM1 independent of the HLA-DQB1-DRB1 genes. We found no evidence for a major role for either of these two regions in IDDM1.

Original publication

DOI

10.1017/S0003480000008101

Type

Journal article

Journal

Ann Hum Genet

Publication Date

05/2000

Volume

64

Pages

215 - 221

Keywords

Adolescent, Adult, Alleles, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genetic Testing, HLA-DQ Antigens, HLA-DQ beta-Chains, HLA-DR Antigens, HLA-DRB1 Chains, Haplotypes, Histocompatibility Testing, Humans, Linkage Disequilibrium, Male, Microsatellite Repeats, Quantitative Trait, Heritable, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha