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TGF-β is a cytokine required for the induction and maintenance of transplantation tolerance in animal models. TGF-β mediates anti-inflammatory effects by acting on many immune cell-types. Central for transplantation tolerance is the role for TGF-β in the induction of Foxp3 and regulatory capacity in CD4(+) T cells. Recently, however, the general anti-inflammatory role of TGF-β in CD4(+) T cell polarization was questioned by the discovery that, in the presence of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 or IL-1, TGF-β drives the differentiation of Th17 cells associated with transplant rejection. A better understanding of the factors determining TGF-β production and activation, Foxp3 induction and Treg stability is vital for the development of tolerogenic strategies in transplantation.

Original publication

DOI

10.1016/j.coi.2011.07.003

Type

Journal article

Journal

Curr Opin Immunol

Publication Date

10/2011

Volume

23

Pages

660 - 669

Keywords

Adaptive Immunity, Animals, Antigens, CD, Cell Differentiation, Forkhead Transcription Factors, Graft Rejection, Humans, Interleukin-1, Interleukin-6, Lymphocyte Activation, Mice, Mice, Knockout, Organ Transplantation, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory, Th17 Cells, Transforming Growth Factor beta, Transplantation Tolerance