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Human ANP32A and ANP32B are essential but redundant host factors for influenza virus genome replication. While most influenza viruses cannot replicate in edited human cells lacking both ANP32A and ANP32B, some strains exhibit limited growth. Here, we experimentally evolve such an influenza A virus in these edited cells and unexpectedly, after 2 passages, we observe robust viral growth. We find two mutations in different subunits of the influenza polymerase that enable the mutant virus to use a novel host factor, ANP32E, an alternative family member, which is unable to support the wild type polymerase. Both mutations reside in the symmetric dimer interface between two polymerase complexes and reduce polymerase dimerization. These mutations have previously been identified as adapting influenza viruses to mice. Indeed, the evolved virus gains the ability to use suboptimal mouse ANP32 proteins and becomes more virulent in mice. We identify further mutations in the symmetric dimer interface which we predict allow influenza to adapt to use suboptimal ANP32 proteins through a similar mechanism. Overall, our results suggest a balance between asymmetric and symmetric dimers of influenza virus polymerase that is influenced by the interaction between polymerase and ANP32 host proteins.

Original publication

DOI

10.1038/s41467-023-41308-4

Type

Journal article

Journal

Nature communications

Publication Date

10/2023

Volume

14

Pages

6135 - 6135

Addresses

Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK. carol.sheppard08@imperial.ac.uk.

Keywords

Animals, Dimerization, Humans, Influenza A virus, Influenza, Human, Mice, Molecular Chaperones, Nuclear Proteins, Nucleotidyltransferases, RNA-Binding Proteins, RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase, Virus Replication