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RNA viruses, being submicroscopic organisms, have intriguing biological makeups and substantially impact human health. Microscopic methods have been utilized for studying RNA viruses at a variety of scales. In order of observation scale from large to small, fluorescence microscopy, cryo-soft X-ray tomography (cryo-SXT), serial cryo-focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy (cryo-FIB/SEM) volume imaging, cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET), and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) single-particle analysis (SPA) have been employed, enabling researchers to explore the intricate world of RNA viruses, their ultrastructure, dynamics, and interactions with host cells. These methods evolve to be combined to achieve a wide resolution range from atomic to sub-nano resolutions, making correlative microscopy an emerging trend. The developments in microscopic methods provide multi-fold and spatial information, advancing our understanding of viral infections and providing critical tools for developing novel antiviral strategies and rapid responses to emerging viral threats.

Original publication

DOI

10.3390/v16091504

Type

Journal article

Journal

Viruses

Publication Date

23/09/2024

Volume

16

Keywords

RNA virus, cellular cryo-tomography (cryo-ET), cryo-EM single-particle analysis (SPA), cryo-soft X-ray tomography (cryo-SXT), multiscale microscopic methods, serial cryo-focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy cryo-FIB/SEM volume imaging, viral infection, virus–host interactions, Humans, Cryoelectron Microscopy, RNA Viruses, RNA Virus Infections, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Electron Microscope Tomography, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Animals