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THEMIS, a recently identified T-lineage-restricted protein, is the founding member of a large metazoan protein family. Gene inactivation studies have revealed a critical requirement for THEMIS during thymocyte positive selection, implicating THEMIS in signaling downstream of the T cell antigen receptor (TCR), but the mechanistic underpinnings of THEMIS function have remained elusive. A previous model posited that THEMIS prevents thymocytes from inappropriately crossing the positive/negative selection threshold by dampening TCR signaling. However, new data suggest an alternative model where THEMIS enhances TCR signaling enabling thymocytes to reach the threshold for positive selection, avoiding death by neglect. We review the data supporting each model and conclude that the preponderance of evidence favors an enhancing function for THEMIS in TCR signaling.

Original publication

DOI

10.1016/j.it.2017.06.006

Type

Journal article

Journal

Trends Immunol

Publication Date

09/2017

Volume

38

Pages

622 - 632

Keywords

Animals, Cell Differentiation, Cysteine, Humans, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Lymphocyte Activation, Models, Immunological, Protein Domains, Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, Signal Transduction, T-Lymphocytes, Thymocytes